2005-2015年小江流域生态系统服务供需变化及对石漠化的响应

喀斯特地区石漠化及其生态修复引起的土地利用变化,改变了地表植被覆盖等下垫面条件,进而对生态系统服务产生影响。为了探究石漠化治理工程以来生态系统服务变化情况,采用InVEST、CASA模型等多种模型和方法,研究了小江流域2005-2015年水服务、粮食服务和固碳服务的供需时空变化及对石漠化的响应。结果表明：（1）3种服务的供给水平整体都呈现递增趋势,增幅分别为14.34%,44.00%,40.11%,而需求方面,水服务和固碳服务呈现增加趋势,增幅为3.26%和61.54%,粮食服务呈现减小趋势,减幅为6.98%。（2）水服务和粮食服务的供需比均呈现增加趋势,且供给大于需求,而固碳服务的供需比呈现减小趋势,2015年供给小于需求。（3）石漠化面积越大的区域,粮食服务越低,随着石漠化程度的加重,水服务和固碳服务都呈现递减趋势,而随着石漠化面积减小,水服务和固碳服务变化不明显,粮食服务呈现一定程度的增加趋势,其中变化的面积越大,趋势越明显。流域内生态系统服务的供需状况及对石漠化的响应可在一定程度上反映石漠化治理对人类福祉的影响,能够为区域内生态系统的管理以及石漠化综合治理提供重要的参考。     

我国畜牧兽医科技文献数字化出版现状及其重要性

利用新兴网络技术促进我国畜牧兽医科技文献数字化出版工作的发展是一项极其重要的四化建设项目,它是我国农业信息化进程中的重要环节,直接关系到我国农业现代化的进程.笔者就当前我国畜牧兽医科技文献数字化出版现状做了详细分析,并从四个方面阐述开展这项工作对我国畜牧兽医事业的重要性,同时提出了在建设过程中所需要注意的一些关键环节.     

鸡公山自然保护区森林生态系统服务功能及其价值初步研究

从生态系统服务功能的概念入手,根据调查和研究,采用替代工程、市场价值等方法,从2个方面评价了鸡公山自然保护区森林生态系统服务功能的价值.结果表明,面积3000hm2的鸡公山自然保护区森林生态系统的生态服务功能价值70548.6万元·a-1,其中涵养水源价值8593.9万元·a-1,净化水质价值1265.3万元·a-1,保持土壤价值57754.1万元·a-1,固碳制氧价值2114.2万元·a-1,净化环境价值(吸收SO2量)26.1万元·a-1,游憩价值550万元·a-1,林产品价值245万元·a-1.     

Economic development and producer services growth: the APEC experience

This paper explores the idea that in the Asia-Pacific region the relationship between economic growth, industrial transformation and the rise of service industries in general, and producer services in particular, appears to be different to that found in North America or Europe. After an exploration of the context for producer services growth, some simple indices for measuring the relative position of Asia-Pacific producer services in the global context are used to demonstrate that they are apparently less prominent than expected. More robust data, including case studies, are needed to substantiate this preliminary paper. The paper concludes with the elements of an agenda for further research.     

Spatial structure and inter-firm networks of technical and information producer services in Seoul,Korea

A spatial and sectoral reorganisation of producer services has begun to change the urban structure of Seoul. In addition to the existing centre of the CBD, two areas, Kangnam and Yongdeungpo, have emerged as the new centres of producer services in Seoul resulting from relocations from the CBD and the location of firm start-ups and spin-offs, so creating a multi-centred structure. There is a difference between the centres related to the fact that Kangnam is specialised in advanced services and has strong local networks among service firms, firms in Yongdeungpo have strong forward linkages to nearby manufacturing firms and to larger producer service firms, while firms in the CBD are relatively older and have much more intensive overseas ties. This outcome illustrates that shifts in the organisation of producer services in favour of outsourcing have been felt in shifts in spatial patterns. These new structures illustrate that producer service location and operation have a powerful influence upon the pattern of development in Seoul.     

超声影像技术在兽医临床的应用

Ｂ—型超声断层扫描仪以其安全、准确和无损伤性在医学和兽医学领域得到了广泛的应用。本文对其在兽医学领域应用的几个方面进行了综述。对家畜的肢体、腹腔内器官、眼、奶牛乳头以及动物舌的超声解剖学及病理变化都进行了详细的描述。     

Intersectoral healthcare delivery

Within a given culture – whether industrialized or more tradition oriented – essentially the same fundamental medical theories, practices, and pharmacopoeia tend to be applied to human and non-human sickness and patients. In modern industrialized societies, however, healthcare services are sharply divided between human and veterinary medicine. There is likewise a sharp division between practitioners in these two health sectors: medical doctors and veterinarians. Yet in non-Western, traditional or indigenous medical systems, the same practitioners often treat both humans and animals. There is a growing body of literature that attests to the efficacy of traditional health practices and herbal medicines for the prevention and treatment of both human and livestock ailments.The authors argue for an intersectoral approach to human and veterinary health services in poor countries, especially those targeted to rural people with LIMITED access to modern health services. Extension of conventional medical and veterinary services is particularly difficult and costly in Third World countries where the necessary infrastructure (roads, clinics, labs, cold chains, etc.) is poorly developed and where much of the populace and their livestock reside in remote, rural areas, or where people may be nomadic or transhumant. Consideration should therefore be given to the joint delivery of human and livestock healthcare and related services, as well as to linking informal, ethnoveterinary practices and practitioners with more formalized systems of veterinary AND medical practice. Several advantages of such an approach are identified and explored.     

Perceived Constraints to Privatization of Delivery of Veterinary Services in Ghana

Ghana is on the verge of privatizing selected activities in the delivery of animal health services. However, various constraints are being encountered. The aim of this paper is to identify these constraints so as to help find solutions to them.Questionnaires were administered to veterinarians in Ghana to elicit their responses on various issues concerning privatization. A significant proportion (61%) of government veterinarians, who formed 94% of the respondents, were unwilling to go into private practice. Among the reasons given were that private practice was too risky, that farmers were unwilling or unable to pay for services, that capital to start practices was lacking and that the societal value for animals was low. Also, low livestock densities in many areas and the absence of commercial livestock farming were perceived as deterrents to the sustainability of private practice. Furthermore, the poor macroeconomic environment of high inflation, high interest rates and unstable currency discouraged investment.If privatization of veterinary services is to succeed in Ghana, these perceptions have to be addressed and solutions found, since veterinarians are the targets of the privatization process.     

生态连清理论在森林生态系统服务功能评估中的实践

当前,国际上生态系统服务功能研究体系框架已相对完善,但缺少一套针对森林生态系统服务功能评估体系.中国森林生态连清体系创建及完善,填补了这一空白.该体系巧妙地将森林资源清查体系和森林生态系统定位观测研究网络(CFERN)有机结合,通过森林资源清查体系直接获取森林资源信息,CFERN生态站获取生态系统各个生态过程的机制及参数,实现了森林生态系统服务功能的科学化评估.通过CFERN生态站连续观测对生态参数的纠偏,森林生态系统服务各项指标评估过程中所需的生态参数得以实时更新,使森林生态连清体系对森林生态系统服务评估具备了连续监测的功能.这一体系已在国家、林业重点工程、省级及地区等层面广泛应用,将森林生态系统服务功能评估工作推进了一大步,为我国森林经营管理、森林水土保持功能评估、生态恢复等提供科学的数据支撑.     

Restoration ecology of coastal lagoons: new methods for the prediction of ecological trajectories and economic valuation

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